Marketing Plans

Covering the 4 Ps In a Marketing Plan

The marketing plan should contain a discussion of your company's 4 Ps of marketing: product, price, promotion, and place.

Every marketing plan should discuss marketing's 4 Ps.

The 4 Ps of marketing, sometimes referred to as the marketing mix, include:

• Product - your product(s)and services
• Price - what you'll charge customers for products and services
• Promotion - how you will promote or create awareness of your product in the marketplace
• Place (distribution) - how you will bring your product(s) together with your customers.

Here are some brief explanations of what should be included in the marketing plan pertaining to the 4 Ps.

Product Description

A product can be a physical item, a service, or an idea.

• Describe in detail your products or services in terms of the features and benefits they offer customers.
• Describe what you need to have or do to provide your product or service (how it's produced).

Pricing

List the price of your products and describe your pricing strategy. List price ranges for product lines. For example, if your product is a line of cosmetics, include information in this strategy section about your lipsticks "ranging in price from $5.00 to $15.00 per item" rather than a detailed product price list.

Describe any price flexibility or negotiating room, as is common with large purchases such as houses or cars. Outline any discounts you offer for long-term customers, bulk purchases or prompt payment. Also, include the terms of sale, such as "net due in 30 days," extended payment plans, and whether you accept credit cards.

Promotion Plan

A promotion plan describes the tools or tactics used to accomplish your marketing objectives.

For example, if your marketing objective is to create awareness of baby care products among mothers of newborns, you might

• Advertise in baby care or motherhood magazines,
• Distribute product samples to obstetricians, and
• Offer free baby care seminars to expectant mothers.

If your marketing objective is to increase sales of potato chips to teens, your promotion plan might be to:

• Distribute free samples or discount coupons at high school football games.
• Sponsor an event attended by teens.

Later in the marketing plan, you'll describe the steps that need to be taken in detail, when they should be done, who will do them, and so on.

Placement (Sales and Distribution)

In this section, describe how your products and customers "meet" or come together through sales and distribution.

Describe your sales philosophies and methods. Do you employ an aggressive sales method for a large number of quick sales, or a relaxed method where the emphasis is on having customers feel comfortable to come back another time even if they don't buy now? Do you use contract sales people or employees? Explain your approach to sales issues.

Describe your distribution system. (Where will your product be placed so customers have access to it?) A few points about distribution to address in your marketing plan are:

• Is the exchange of the product made in a store? Through the mail? Through a direct sales representative?
• What are your production and inventory capacities? (How quickly can you make products and how many can you store?)
• Are there cyclical fluctuations or seasonal demands for your products? For example, if you produce Christmas decorations, how will you manage peak production and sales periods as well as slow periods?
• Do you sell to individuals or to re-sellers? Your company may use more than one method. For example, you may sell directly to customers who place large orders but also sell to customers who buy small quantities of your product through retail outlets.

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